All guides
🌻

Sunflower

Helianthus annuus

FlowerPollinatorSummerBeginner Easy

Big, cheerful, and almost impossible to fail with. Direct-sow the seeds, give them sun, and watch them track the light skyward — then leave the seed heads for the birds.

Growing conditions

Light
Full sun
Water
Low
Soil
Loose, well-draining; tolerant of poor soil
When to sow
Direct-sow after last frost
Spacing
30–45 cm (giant types wider)
Days to maturity
80 days
Hardiness
Annual in zones 2–11

How to grow it

  1. 1

    Direct-sow in place

    Sunflowers resent , so sow seeds 2–3 cm deep right where they'll grow, once frost has passed. takes 7–10 days.

  2. 2

    Thin the seedlings

    When seedlings are ~8 cm tall, thin to the strongest one every 30–45 cm so each has room to bulk up without competing for light and water.

  3. 3

    Water deeply while young, then ease off

    Water to establish a strong taproot, then water sparinglyestablished sunflowers are quite drought-tolerant.

  4. 4

    Stake the giants

    Tall varieties can topple in wind or under a heavy head. loosely so the stem can still flex a little, which keeps it strong.

  5. 5

    Leave the heads for pollinators and birds

    The flower draws bees for ; once it fades, leave the seed head to dry and the birds, or harvest the seeds yourself.

Gardener's notes

  • Sow a few seeds every 2 weeks for continuous blooms.
  • Young sunflowers track the sun (heliotropism); mature heads usually settle facing east.